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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q69-Q74):
NEW QUESTION # 69
You are a cybersecurity consultant for a global organization. The organization has adopted a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)policy, but they have recently experienced a phishing incident where an employee's device was compromised. In the investigation, you discovered that the phishing attack occurred through a third-party email app that the employee had installed. Given the need to balance security and user autonomy under the BYOD policy, how should the organization mitigate the risk of such incidents? Moreover, consider a measure that would prevent similar attacks without overly restricting the use of personal devices.
- A. Provide employees with corporate-owned devices for work-related tasks.
- B. Conduct regular cybersecurity awareness training, focusing on phishing attacks.
- C. Require all employee devices to use a company-provided VPN for internet access.
- D. Implement a mobile device management solution that restricts the installation of non-approved applications.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best measure to prevent similar attacks without overly restricting the use of personal devices is to conduct regular cybersecurity awareness training, focusing on phishing attacks. Cybersecurity awareness training is a process of educating and empowering employees on the best practices and behaviors to protect themselves and the organization from cyber threats, such as phishing, malware, ransomware, or data breaches. Cybersecurity awareness training can help the organization mitigate the risk of phishing incidents by providing the following benefits12:
* It can increase the knowledge and skills of employees on how to identify and avoid phishing emails, messages, or links, such as by checking the sender, the subject, the content, the attachments, and the URL of the message, and by verifying the legitimacy and authenticity of the message before responding or clicking.
* It can enhance the attitude and culture of employees on the importance and responsibility of cybersecurity, such as by encouraging them to report any suspicious or malicious activity, to follow the security policies and guidelines, and to seek help or guidance when in doubt or trouble.
* It can reduce the human error and negligence that are often the main causes of phishing incidents, such as by reminding employees to update their devices and applications, to use strong and unique passwords, to enable multi-factor authentication, and to backup their data regularly.
The other options are not as optimal as option D for the following reasons:
* A. Provide employees with corporate-owned devices for work-related tasks: This option is not feasible because it contradicts the BYOD policy, which allows employees to use their personal devices for work- related tasks. Providing employees with corporate-owned devices would require the organization to incur additional costs and resources, such as purchasing, maintaining, and securing the devices, as well as training and supporting the employees on how to use them. Moreover, providing employees with corporate-owned devices would not necessarily prevent phishing incidents, as the devices could still be compromised by phishing emails, messages, or links, unless the organization implements strict security controls and policies on the devices, which may limit the user autonomy and productivity3.
* B. Implement a mobile device management solution that restricts the installation of non-approved applications: This option is not desirable because it violates the user autonomy and privacy under the BYOD policy, which allows employees to use their personal devices for both personal and professional purposes. Implementing a mobile device management solution that restricts the installation of non- approved applications would require the organization to monitor and control the devices of the employees, which may raise legal and ethical issues, such as data ownership, consent, and compliance. Furthermore, implementing a mobile device management solution that restricts the installation of non-approved applications would not completely prevent phishing incidents, as the employees could still receive phishing emails, messages, or links through the approved applications, unless the organization implements strict security controls and policies on the applications, which may affect the user experience and functionality4.
* C. Require all employee devices to use a company-provided VPN for internet access: This option is not sufficient because it does not address the root cause of phishing incidents, which is the human factor.
Requiring all employee devices to use a company-provided VPN for internet access would provide the organization with some benefits, such as encrypting the network traffic, hiding the IP address, and bypassing geo-restrictions. However, requiring all employee devices to use a company-provided VPN for internet access would not prevent phishing incidents, as the employees could still fall victim to phishing emails, messages, or links that lure them to malicious websites or applications, unless the organization implements strict security controls and policies on the VPN, which may affect the network performance and reliability.
References:
1: What is Cybersecurity Awareness Training? | Definition, Benefits & Best Practices | Kaspersky
2: How to Prevent Phishing Attacks with Security Awareness Training | Infosec
3: BYOD vs. Corporate-Owned Devices: Pros and Cons | Bitglass
4: Mobile Device Management (MDM) | OWASP Foundation
5: What is a VPN and why do you need one? Everything you need to know | ZDNet
NEW QUESTION # 70
During a red team engagement, an ethical hacker is tasked with testing the security measures of an organization's wireless network. The hacker needs to select an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack. Which of the following tools should the hacker use to effectively perform session hijacking and subsequent security analysis, given that the target wireless network has the Wi-Fi Protected Access-preshared key (WPA-PSK) security protocol in place?
- A. Droidsheep
- B. FaceNiff
- C. bettercap
- D. Hetty
Answer: C
Explanation:
bettercap is a tool that can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks, among other network security and penetration testing tasks. bettercap can capture and manipulate network traffic, perform man-in- the-middle attacks, spoof and sniff protocols, inject custom payloads, and more1.
bettercap can perform session hijacking attacks on wireless networks that use the WPA-PSK security protocol by exploiting the four-way handshake process that occurs when a client connects to a wireless access point.
The four-way handshake is used to establish a shared encryption key between the client and the access point, based on the pre-shared key (PSK) that is configured on both devices. However, the four-way handshake also exposes some information that can be used to crack the PSK offline, such as the nonce values, the MAC addresses, and the message integrity code (MIC) of the packets2.
bettercap can capture the four-way handshake packets using its Wi-Fi module and save them in a file. The file can then be fed to a tool like Hashcat or Aircrack-ng to crack the PSK using brute force or dictionary attacks. Once the PSK is obtained, bettercap can use it to decrypt the wireless traffic and perform session hijacking attacks on the clients connected to the access point3.
Therefore, bettercap is an appropriate tool to carry out a session hijacking attack on a wireless network that uses the WPA-PSK security protocol.
References:
* bettercap: the Swiss Army knife for 802.11, BLE and Ethernet networks reconnaissance and MITM attacks
* How the WPA2 Enterprise Wireless Security Protocol Works
* Cracking WPA/WPA2 Passwords with Bettercap and Hashcat
NEW QUESTION # 71
John, a security analyst working for an organization, found a critical vulnerability on the organization's LAN that allows him to view financial and personal information about the rest of the employees. Before reporting the vulnerability, he examines the information shown by the vulnerability for two days without disclosing any information to third parties or other internal employees. He does so out of curiosity about the other employees and may take advantage of this information later.
What would John be considered as?
- A. Cybercriminal
- B. Black hat
- C. White hat
- D. Gray hat
Answer: D
Explanation:
In CEH v13 Module 01: Introduction to Ethical Hacking, Gray Hat hackers are described as those who operate between ethical and unethical lines:
Gray Hat Characteristics:
Discover vulnerabilities without permission.
May explore or exploit them without malicious intent, but also without authorization.
May or may not disclose them after exploration.
Not fully black hat (malicious), nor white hat (authorized and ethical).
In this case, John explored sensitive employee data without authorization, even though he worked for the organization. That behavior places him in the gray hat category.
Option Clarification:
A). Cybercriminal: Generally linked to criminal activities for gain.
B). Black hat: Unauthorized access with malicious or financial intent.
C). White hat: Authorized ethical hackers.
D). Gray hat: Correct - Unauthorized, curious access without immediate harm.
Reference:
Module 01 - Hacker Types: Black Hat, White Hat, and Gray Hat
CEH eBook: Case Examples of Gray Hat Behavior
NEW QUESTION # 72
Bob is acknowledged as a hacker of repute and is popular among visitors of "underground" sites.
Bob is willing to share his knowledge with those who are willing to learn, and many have expressed their interest in learning from him. However, this knowledge has a risk associated with it, as it can be used for malevolent attacks as well.
In this context, what would be the most effective method to bridge the knowledge gap between the "black" hats or crackers and the "white" hats or computer security professionals? (Choose the test answer.)
- A. Educate everyone with books, articles and training on risk analysis, vulnerabilities and safeguards.
- B. Train more National Guard and reservist in the art of computer security to help out in times of emergency or crises.
- C. Hire more computer security monitoring personnel to monitor computer systems and networks.
- D. Make obtaining either a computer security certification or accreditation easier to achieve so more individuals feel that they are a part of something larger than life.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 73
During a penetration testing assignment, a Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) used a set of scanning tools to create a profile of the target organization. The CEH wanted to scan for live hosts, open ports, and services on a target network. He used Nmap for network inventory and Hping3 for network security auditing. However, he wanted to spoof IP addresses for anonymity during probing. Which command should the CEH use to perform this task?
- A. Hping3 -110.0.0.25 --ICMP
- B. Nmap -sS -Pn -n -vw --packet-trace -p- --script discovery -T4
- C. Hping3-210.0.0.25-p 80
- D. Hping3 -S 192.168.1.1 -a 192.168.1.254 -p 22 -flood
Answer: D
Explanation:
The command C. Hping3 -S 192.168.1.1 -a 192.168.1.254 -p 22 -flood is the correct one to spoof IP addresses for anonymity during probing. This command sends SYN packets (-S) to the target IP 192.168.1.1 with a spoofed source IP (-a) 192.168.1.254 on port 22 (-p) and floods the target with packets (-flood). This way, the CEH can hide his real IP address and avoid detection by the target's firewall or IDS12.
The other commands are incorrect for the following reasons:
* A. Hping3 -110.0.0.25 --ICMP: This command sends ICMP packets (-ICMP) to the target IP 10.0.0.25, but does not spoof the source IP. Therefore, the CEH's real IP address will be exposed to the target.
* B. Nmap -sS -Pn -n -vw --packet-trace -p- --script discovery -T4: This command performs a stealthy SYN scan (-sS) on all ports (-p-) of the target without pinging it (-Pn) or resolving DNS names (-n). It also enables verbose output (-v), packet tracing (-packet-trace), and discovery scripts (-script discovery) with an aggressive timing (-T4). However, this command does not spoof the source IP, and in fact, reveals more information about the scan to the target by using packet tracing and discovery scripts.
* D. Hping3-210.0.0.25-p 80: This command sends TCP packets (default) to the target IP 10.0.0.25 on port 80 (-p), but does not spoof the source IP. Therefore, the CEH's real IP address will be exposed to the target.
References:
* 1: Master hping3 and Enhance Your Network Strength | GoLinuxCloud
* 2: Spoofing Packets with Hping3 - YouTube
NEW QUESTION # 74
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